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The afterlife, or life after death, are generic terms referring to survivalism*, a "continuation*" of existence, typically spiritual, experiential, or ghost-like, beyond this world, or after physical death (eg. near-death experience, reincarnation*). The major views in this area derive from religion, metaphysics*, and science. Also there are those with opposite views, such as the materialist-reductionists*, who state that the topic is supernatural*, therefore does not really exist or is unknowable.

* survivalism : 생존주의 * metaphysics : 형이상학
* continuation : 연속 * materialist : 유물론자
* reincarnation : 환생 * supernatural : 초자연의
* reductionism : 환원주의(생명 현상은 물리학적·화학적으로 다 설명할 수 있다고 함)

Afterlife in modern science

Modern science, in general, either describes the universe and human beings without reference to a soul or to an afterlife; or tends to remain mute on the issue. One famous study, was conducted in 1901 by physician Duncan MacDougall, who sought to measure the weight purportedly* lost by a human body when the soul departed* the body upon death. MacDougall weighed dying patients in an attempt to prove that the soul was material, tangible and thus measurable.

These experiments are widely considered to have had little if any scientific merit, and although MacDougall's results varied considerably from "21 grams," for some people this figure has become synonymous* with the measure of a soul's mass. The title of the 2003 movie 21 Grams is a reference to MacDougall's findings. Others, such as Francis Crick in 1994, have attempted a ‘scientific search for the soul’. Frank Tipler has argued that physics can explain immortality, though such arguments are not falsify* and thus do not qualify as science.

Afterlife as reward or punishment

Many religious traditions have held that the afterlife will resolve justice by assigning rewards and punishments to people according to how they lived their lives. This belief can be found throughout the ancient world, especially in Greek and Roman religion, as well as in various Asian religions. To the extent that the afterlife is a form of justice, it is usually restricted to humans, as other animals are not held responsible for their actions.

* purported : ~라고 소문이 난
* departed : 죽은
* synonymous : 동의어의
* falsify : 위조하다

Question
1. Did you think about afterlife? And do you believe afterlife?
   Whatever you believe it or not why do you think like that?
2. Do you think afterlife is related to current life like above "Afterlife as reward or punishment" in last paragragh?
   Talk about the reason why you think like that.
3. If afterlife actually exists, why each afterlife is different according to each religion?
   (For example, the Christian religion and Buddhism have different belief about afterlife.)
4. what will happen to you if you die? And Where do you want to go after you die?

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